Bangladesh operates under a parliamentary democracy system of government. It is officially known as the People's Republic of Bangladesh. Here is a brief description of the government system of Bangladesh:
Executive Branch:
The executive branch is headed by the President, who is the formal head of state. Actual executive authority, however, rests with the Prime Minister, who is the head of government and holds the most important political power. The Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party or coalition in the National Assembly (National Parliament).
Legislative Branch:
The legislative branch consists of a unicameral legislature called the Jatiya Sangsad (National Parliament). It has 300 members who are elected by popular vote for five-year terms. Additionally, 50 seats are reserved for women members elected by the elected members of the National Parliament.
Judicial Branch:
The judiciary of Bangladesh is independent and functions separately from the executive and legislative branches. The highest court is the Supreme Court of Bangladesh, which is divided into two divisions: the Appellate Division and the High Court Division. The Chief Justice is the head of the Supreme Court.
Political Party:
Bangladesh has a multiparty system, but the two main political parties are the Awami League and the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP). These parties have historically dominated the political landscape.
Local Government:
Bangladesh is divided into divisions, districts, upazilas (upazilas) and unions. Local government elections are held to elect representatives at various levels including city corporations, municipalities and union councils.
Selection:
Regular elections are held in Bangladesh to elect representatives at both national and local levels. Parliamentary elections are held every five years and the party or coalition with the majority of seats forms the government.
Military:
Bangladesh has a military, but it is under civilian authority. The main role of the army is national defence.
Constitution:
The Constitution of Bangladesh, adopted in 1972, provides the legal framework for the country's government and institutions. It established Bangladesh as a democratic republic.
It is important to note that Bangladesh has a history of political instability and has experienced periods of military rule. However, since the early 1990s, it has primarily functioned as a parliamentary democracy with regular elections and transfers of power.
